![]() We tested 13 tissue samples, 2 (15%) of which were positive 248 tracheal swab samples, 43 (17%) of which were positive 314 cloacal swab samples, 47 (15%) of which were positive and 3 oral swab samples, 1 (33%) of which was positive. Then, we tested positive samples with specific H5 qRT-PCR according to US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Veterinary Services Laboratories standard protocols (nos. We initially performed qRT-PCR by using VetMAX-Gold AIV Detection Kit (Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific, ), targeting the AIV matrix gene. We performed a total of 578 real-time qualitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) reactions to detect active avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and 754 agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests to detect previous AIV exposure ( Appendix Table 2). ![]() By December 22, 2022, the official Veterinary Services of the Agricultural and Livestock Service of Chile had collected 1,368 samples for HPAI virus detection and epidemiologic investigation: 1,080 from domestic birds and 288 from wild birds ( Appendix Table 1). Wild birds, mainly pelicans, were found dead or dying ( Figure 2). In early December 2022, increased wild bird deaths were detected across the north coast of Chile ( Figure 1). A) Dead pelican found on land near shoreline B). Images of Peruvian pelicans ( Pelecanus thagus) collected and sampled for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, Chile. We describe detection of this virus clade in wild birds in Chile.įigure 2. In October 2022, this virus reached South America and was officially reported in Colombia it later was also reported in Peru, Ecuador, and Venezuela ( 2). In late 2021, HPAI H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b, which had spread predominantly in Europe, Asia, and Africa, was detected in wild birds in North America and, shortly after, in domestic poultry ( 3– 5). Therefore, HPAI viruses pose a threat not only to public health because of zoonotic potential but also to food security. ![]() ![]() To contain HPAI outbreaks, poultry exposed to or infected with HPAI viruses have been culled, resulting in disposal of ≈131 million domestic birds globally in 2022 ( 3). In addition, the viruses have spilled over to several nonavian species, including humans ( 2). Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses grouped within hemagglutinin (HA) gene clade 2.3.4.4b are spreading globally and causing high mortality among domestic and wild birds ( 1). ![]()
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